War-Related Violence in Afghanistan Killed and Injured More Civilians Than Ever Last Year

The United Nations says civilian casualties of the war in Afghanistan rose to record levels for the seventh year in row in 2015, as violence spread across the country in the wake of the withdrawal of most international troops.

At least 3,545 civilians died and another 7,457 were injured by fighting last year in a four percent increase over 2014, the international organization said in its annual report on civilian casualties.

"The harm done to civilians is totally unacceptable," Nicholas Haysom, the head of the UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, said in a statement.

Increasingly desperate fighting between Western-backed government forces and insurgent groups meant more noncombatants are being caught in the crossfire, investigators wrote, pointing to two developments in particular which pushed casualties up.

The report notes that of the injured and killed, 62 percent of the casualties were attributed to anti-government groups such as the Taliban, compared to 72 percent in 2014. Fourteen percent were attributed to Afghan security forces, with 17 percent of casualties unattributed to any side. Investigators accused insurgents of increasingly using tactics that "deliberately or indiscriminately" caused harm to civilians.

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Heavy fighting in the northern city of Kunduz, which briefly fell to the Taliban in late September, and a wave of suicide bombs which killed and wounded hundreds of people in the capital Kabul last year were the main factors behind the rise.

"In most parts of Afghanistan in 2015, civilian casualties decreased," Danielle Bell, director of the UN human rights programme in Afghanistan, told a news conference in Kabul.

Ground engagements were the leading cause of civilian casualties at 37 percent, followed by roadside bombs at 21 percent and suicide attacks at 17 percent.

Women and children were especially hard hit, as casualties among women spiked 37 percent while deaths and injuries increased 14 percent among children. The report cited accounts from the victims of the violence, including one from a relative of two victims killed in a clash between Afghan security forces and the Taliban.

"It was around 10 in the morning and I was playing with my two-year-old daughter when a mortar landed in my home and exploded," the relative recalled from the attack, which killed one boy and injured 11 others. "I was in shock. A small piece of shrapnel hit my daughter on her back and my wife was severely injured — two pieces of shrapnel hit her right leg while she was in the kitchen cooking."

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The nine percent rise in civilian casualties caused by international military forces was attributed largely to a US air strike in October on a Doctors Without Borders hospital that killed 42 staff, patients, and family members and injured another 43.

Overall 103 civilians were killed and 67 wounded by foreign forces last year, the report found.

"The report references commitments made by all parties to the conflict to protect civilians, however, the figures documented in 2015 reflect a disconnect between commitments made and the harsh reality on the ground," Bell said.

"The expectation of continued fighting in the coming months combined with the current levels of civilian casualties, demonstrate the critical need for immediate steps to be taken by all parties to the conflict to prevent harm to civilians," she said.

The report includes a number of recommendations for anti-government elements, the government of Afghanistan, and International Military Forces for parties to "mitigate casualties and protect civilians from harm."

Since the United Nations began systematically recording civilian casualties in Afghanistan in 2009, it has documented nearly 59,000 deaths and injuries.