PHOTO: Kate Bartlett
Zama zamas crawl down the narrow holes in dangerous conditions to search for leftover gold. PHOTO: Kate Bartlett
Two zama zamas smoke outside their shack in Durban Deep. PHOTO: Kate Bartlett
Residents sit outside a makeshift tavern in Durban Deep, on the outskirts of Johannesburg. PHOTO: Kate Bartlett
miners use hand-spun cylinders known as 'phendukas' to break up rock found underground and see if it contains gold. PHOTO: KATE BARTLETT
Zama Zamas use rudimentary equipment to sift through rock and soil for gold. PHOTO: Kate Bartlett
photo: kate bartlett